Yes, but if this is a multi-national enterprise application, then there is a good chance the data will be split across multiple sites, in which case you'll have a need for GUIDs.
GUIDs vs. Identity is not a simple choice. There are trade-offs. You could easily find yourself (or your developers) having to create a lot of client side code and network traffic to handle identities, that would essentially negate any performance benefits on the database side.