SQL> create table a
  2  (
  3  name number(2)
  4  );

Table created.

SQL> insert into a values (1);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into a values (2);

1 row created.

SQL> create table b as select * from a;

Table created.

SQL> alter table b add value number(2);

Table altered.

SQL> update b set value = name*10;

2 rows updated.

SQL> select a.name, NVL(b.name, -1), NVL(b.value, -1)
  2  from a
  3  LEFT OUTER JOIN
  4  b ON
  5  a.name = b.name
  6  where b.value = 10;

      NAME       NAME      VALUE
---------- ---------- ----------
         1          1         10

SQL> select a.name, NVL(b.name, -1), NVL(b.value, -1)
  2  from a
  3  LEFT OUTER JOIN
  4  b ON
  5  a.name = b.name AND
  6  b.value = 10;

      NAME NVL(B.NAME,-1) NVL(B.VALUE,-1)
---------- -------------- ---------------
         1              1              10
         2             -1              -1

SQL> select a.name, NVL(V.name, -1), NVL(V.value, -1)
  2  from a
  3  LEFT OUTER JOIN
  4  (Select b.name, b.value
  5  from b
  6  where value = 10) V ON
  7  a.name = V.name;

      NAME NVL(V.NAME,-1) NVL(V.VALUE,-1)
---------- -------------- ---------------
         1              1              10
         2             -1              -1