In Oracle, you would use the TO_NUMBER function, for example:
SELECT * FROM your_table
WHERE TO_NUMBER(this_column) >= some_value;
This statement will raise an error if "this_column" contains data different than numbers (for example, values like 'abc', 'a123', '#$%' etc.). It means that you'd have to, additionally, check for column value before using this function.
Furthermore, if you have index created on column "this_column", it would then NOT be used (but there's possibility for you to create an index based on this function, which would then be used in your queries).