Ma
I'm not familiar with quad trees or kd trees but after 2 minutes on google I'd say they're a complicated way of getting your end result.
Why not just have a traditional database (artists, type of art, locations etc) and link to a file stored in a directory. This
topic was discussed in this forum a month or two ago and I think the general consensus was that this is the correct method.
You could just have a table containing a hierarchy of locations (Belgium -< areas -< cities etc) and link each artwork to a point in the hierarchy. You could optionally have an importance score for each artwork to help decide when to show it and at what level. It would be interesting to also have feedback from users on artwork - perhaps populating the front page with the most popular pieces.
As an interface you could be built either as a list of places or from a map that is "mapped" to these places and by clicking on various points you'd see the art of that area. Perhaps you could also have date as well so a user could see how the area has changed from the point of view of the artist. You could also link the art pieces together so users could see all paintings by the artist, all paintings in that area, all similar styles of painting etc.
I wouldn't limit yourself to just paintings though - I'd go for any type of art (poems, sculpture etc) as often the different forms evolve together. And why limit the system to just Belgium?
Mike
EDIT just spotted the enter key on the web site (perhaps you could consider using darker colouring here

) - much of the above may be already done but I can't read Belgian to find out. You also need a link on each page to go back to the front page. It would be very nice if it uploaded a different pictures all the time on the home page. Also changed my mind on using GPS co-ordinates to just a location hierarchy. Added link to topic.