Don't add a new table to your schema. It will only make things more complicated then they should be.
I suggest the following :
1. Add a column to your table, say : process_timestamp date not null default to_date('01.01.1901','DD.MM.YYYY'). In fact, you can assign any default value you want, but don't use NULL.
2. Your program that retrieves the rows should only read those having process_timestamp = to_date('01.01.1901','DD.MM.YYYY')
3. If the execution succeeds, update process_timestamp to sysdate. If the execution fails, leave it unchanged.
Doing so,
1. You don't have to change anything to the programs that are inserting rows into your table. The default value (to column process_timestamp) will be assigned automatically.
2. You don't have to worry about rows that are inserted while you are processing. You will pick them up later on.
3. On failure, you will be able to reprocess the rows as many times as necessary.