Your manager is looking for "black box" testing, and you're trying to do "white box" testing. These are two fundamentally different kinds of tests, and are intended to produce two related, but quite different results.
A "white box" test like you are trying to do involves knowing exactly how the system is built, and testing all of the possible constructions of data. This exercises/tests the data model, and is the second highest commonly used form of testing. This takes a lot of effort, full knowledge of how the data is stored, and special cases that need to be checked.
A "black box" test is done at a much higher level. It tests the UI, looking for common problems, often concentrating on the details of the UI without worrying about the details of the system that underlies that UI. This is a very high level test and is no where near as thorough, but it takes much less effort.
The short answer is that you are trying to do a much lower level test than what your manager feels is necessary or cost effective. It is always a great thing to strive for more than is expected, but it probably isn't going to be an easy sell, since your manager already envisions a much higher level test than you are planning!
-PatP