At one time, VARCHAR max was only about 255 bytes, so LONG VARCHAR was useful. However, the problem with LONG VARCHAR is that it is treated like a LOB and does not use DB2 bufferpool memory (requires synchronous I/O to disk for inserts, updates, deletes, and selects).
Now that VARCHAR can be almost as large as LONG VARCHAR (just a few bytes less assuming that all columns in the table fit in the maximum row size, and that the page size is appropriate), there is no reason to use the poor performing LONG VARCHAR, and in fact it is "deprecated" (still there, but IBM may remove it in future releases).
If you cannot use a VARCHAR for some reason, use a LOB (CLOB or BLOB).