The question is what "no data" really means. An empty BLOB could be interpreted like an empty string - it is well-defined information, which is different from NULL. So if "no data" means "is there a value or is it NULL", you would use a predicate "blob-column IS [NOT] NULL". If you are interested in BLOBs that have a size of 0, simply use the LENGTH function as in "LENGTH(blob-column) = 0".
p.s: You cannot cast a BLOB to a VARCHAR. One is binary data, the other is string data (with code page, yada yada...).