SQL server would be a good back-end database to help you manage that kind of data. It would radically improve performance times and improve robustness of the database.
SQL is also very cheap to set up and install, two servers (one production and one dev) together with software would typically cost less than £10k which is nothing to most firms for this kind of tool.
The front-end aspect is slightly more tricky. My first SQL client server app was built using Access2k as a thin client front-end. It simply reported data from the system and it is still very popular after a few years. Access2k is excellent as it is quick to work with as a lot has already been done for you.
You could use
vb or excel as front-ends to produce the reports or even go for an IE & asp - if you're feeling adventurous.
With your knowledge of VBA, I'd perhaps stick to a Excel or Access front-end to start and then in the future move onto to something more complex when you've got more confident.
Regards