I agree with you: it is a hole in the VBA IDE's functionality. The VBA IDE hasn't been updated for 10+ years, so we suffer from this sort of thing.
I use
MZ Tools for this. It's a free and indispensable tool for any VBA programmer which has lots of other useful features.

Once it's installed, you place the mouse cursor in the procedure and go to Tools > MZ Tools > Procedure Callers, and it gives you a tree showing the callers.